ORIGINS THE SOCIETY

The Society for Marine Mammalogy was established in 1981 to advance the study, conservation, and understanding of marine mammals through international collaboration. Since its founding, it has grown into a global community, supporting the field through publications, conferences, and the collective efforts of researchers dedicated to marine mammal science.

Dr. Kenneth S. Norris viewing dolphins through a tank window. / © The Regents of the University of California.

THE SOCIETY ACROSS TIME

Foundations: Early Conferences (1964–1977)

The origins of the Society trace back to a series of conferences that predate its formal establishment. These meetings were successors to the late Tom Poulter’s Annual Conference on Biological Sonar and Diving Mammals, held at the Stanford Research Institute (now SRI International) in Menlo Park, California, beginning in 1964.

Following the tenth annual conference in 1973, Poulter transferred relevant conference materials to Kenneth S. Norris at the University of California, Santa Cruz. Norris subsequently organized the First Biennial Conference on the Biology of Marine Mammals, held in Santa Cruz in 1975, which was attended by approximately 300 participants. A second Biennial followed in 1977 in San Diego, supported by the U.S. Naval Ocean Systems Center, and attendance grew to approximately 480.

After the second conference, discussions began about the need for a formal society to organize and sustain these meetings.

Formation of the Society (1978–1981)

In 1978, George Harry, then Director of what is now the National Marine Mammal Laboratory in Seattle, initiated discussions about forming a professional society. Responses from the community were strongly supportive.

Kenneth S. Norris led the effort by preparing a Preliminary Design of a Society of Marine Mammalogy and establishing an organizational committee. The committee included Tom Dohl, George Harry, Burney Le Boeuf, John Lilly, Ken Norris, Bill Perrin, Bill Powell, and Forrest Wood, and was later expanded to include Bob Elsner, Bill Evans, Lou Herman, and Ron Schusterman.

The proposed Society was envisioned as a means to promote the science of marine mammalogy and support the growing research community. Its proposed functions included:

  • Organizing and sponsoring regular meetings
  • Sponsoring workshops on specialized topics
  • Improving the quality of marine mammal research and management
  • Facilitating information exchange among researchers
  • Providing a voice for marine mammal science in public policy
  • Sharing scientific knowledge with broader audiences
  • Potentially establishing a dedicated scientific journal

Establishment and Leadership (1981)

The organizational committee met during the Third Biennial Conference in Seattle in 1979 to refine the Society’s structure, including membership criteria and by-laws. These plans were finalized through continued correspondence.

At the Fourth Biennial Conference in San Francisco in 1981, Norris formally presented the proposal to establish the Society. The proposal was accepted, and he was elected the first President by acclamation.

The inaugural leadership included:

  • President: Kenneth S. Norris
  • President-elect: Jim Mead
  • Secretary-Treasurer: Bruce Mate

Committee leadership appointments included:

  • Bill Schevill – Publications Committee
  • Carleton Ray – Conservation and Public Policy Committee
  • Forrest Wood – Membership Committee
  • John Prescott – Conference Committee

Norris played a central role in confirming charter members (listed below), drafting the constitution and by-laws, and securing official incorporation. He is widely regarded as the founding force behind the Society.

Since its inception, the Society’s Biennial Conferences have grown substantially, with attendance increasing from approximately 300 participants in 1975 to more than 2,000 at some recent meetings. A full list of Biennial Conferences is available on the conference page.

The individuals listed below are acknowledged as Charter Full Members of the Society at its founding.

  • Adeduji, Kehimde
  • Aguilar, Alex
  • Ainley, David G.
  • Albert, Thomas F.
  • Allen, K. Radway
  • Allen, Sarah Gardner
  • Allen, Sonny
  • Alverson, Franklin G.
  • Amelia, Giordano
  • Ames, Jack Alfred
  • Amstrup, Steven C.
  • Anderson, Paul K.
  • Anderson, Sheila Scott
  • Andre, Jean Marc
  • Ansley, Henry
  • Antrim, Jim
  • Arai, Kazutoshi
  • Aron, William
  • Asper, Edward D.
  • Atkins, Natasha
  • Au, David W.
  • Au, Whitlow W. L.
  • Aubin, David J. St.
  • Awbrey, Frank T.
  • Babus, Bela S.
  • Bain, David Edmund
  • Baker, Alan Noel
  • Baker, James L.
  • Baker, Ken
  • Balcomb, Kenneth C., III
  • Baldridge, Alan
  • Bannister, John Leonard
  • Barlow, Jay
  • Barnes, Lawrence G.
  • Barrett, Izadore
  • Barrett, Peigin C.
  • Barria, Jorge Abraham Oporto
  • Barstow, Robbins
  • Bastida, Ricardo
  • Baxter, Barbara A.
  • Beach, Douglas W.
  • Beamish, Peter C.
  • Beckman, Kimberlee
  • Beekman, Gerard K.
  • Bengtson, John L.
  • Benirschke, Kurt
  • Benz, Carl T.
  • Bergey, Michael
  • Best, Peter B.
  • Best, Robin C.
  • Bigg, Michael A.
  • Bird, James E.
  • Birdwise, Cynthia
  • Blanco Rincon De Arellano, Carmen
  • Blasko, Daniel E.
  • Blaylock, Robert Alvie
  • Bloedel, Prentice
  • Bodkin, James L.
  • Bonde, Robert K.
  • Boness, Daryl J.
  • Bonnell, Michael L.
  • Bonner, W. Nigel
  • Boone, Irene Seipt
  • Bossart, Gregory D.
  • Bouchet, G. Christopher
  • Bowen, W. Don
  • Bowlby, C. Edward
  • Bowles, Ann E.
  • Boyde, Alan
  • Brandis, Durward Porter
  • Branson, Jim H.
  • Bree, Peter J.H. Van
  • Breiwick, Jeffrey M.
  • Breton, Mimi
  • Briggs, Kenneth T.
  • Brill, Randall L.
  • Brisby, William L.
  • Britten, Barbara H.
  • Brooks, James W.
  • Brown, Robin F.
  • Brownell, Robert L., Jr.
  • Brownlee, Shannon Millani
  • Brownson, Robert H.
  • Brumsted, Robert B.
  • Bryden, Michael Maclaren
  • Buck, John D.
  • Bullock, Theodore H.
  • Burns, John James
  • Butcher, David G.
  • Butterworth, Douglas S.
  • Calambokidis, John
  • Caldwell, David K.
  • Caldwell, Melba C.
  • Calkins, Donald G.
  • Cameron, Ian Stuart
  • Carlson, Carole A.
  • Carlson, Cynthia E.
  • Carter, Gary R.
  • Carter, Nick
  • Cass, Virginia L.
  • Castellini, Michael
  • Cawthorn, Martin W.
  • Cesar Weber Rosas, Fernando
  • Chapman, Douglas George
  • Cheater, Mark
  • Cheeseman, Douglas G., Jr.
  • Chu, Kevin
  • Chun, Chan-Il
  • Clapham, Philip J.
  • Clark, Christopher W.
  • Clarke, Robert
  • Clayton, James W.
  • Cleator, Holly
  • Cohen, Joel L.
  • Collet, Anne
  • Condy, Patrick Richard
  • Connor, Richard
  • Cooke, Justin G.
  • Corkeron, Peter
  • Cormany, David Robert
  • Cornell, Lanny H.
  • Costa, Daniel Paul
  • Cowan, Daniel F.
  • Cowman, Charles F., Jr.
  • Cowperthwaite, Leslie
  • Cranford, Ted Wayne
  • Crespo, Enrique Alberto
  • Crovetto, Angel E.
  • Cubbage, James C.
  • Cue, James E.
  • Dahlheim, Marilyn Elayne
  • Dangelo, Guy
  • Danton, Carol Lynn
  • Darling, James D.
  • Davis, Randall William
  • Davis, Rolph A.
  • Dawson, Pierre
  • Dawson, William W.
  • de Assis Ribeiro, Gilberto
  • de Oliveira Gomes, Luiz Antonio
  • Debus, Bemi
  • Defran, R. H.
  • Deimer, Petra
  • Demaster, Douglas P.
  • Diaz, Camille Goebel
  • Dierauf, Leslie A.
  • Doak, Wade
  • Dohl, Thomas P.
  • Dolphin, William
  • Domning, Daryl P.
  • Donovan, Gregory Paul
  • Dorsey, Eleanor M.
  • Dos Santos, Manuel E.
  • Douglas, Michael
  • Drabek, Charles M.
  • Dubsky, Paul A.
  • Dudley, Gordon
  • Duguy, Rene
  • Duman, Marilyn Lawrie
  • Dunbar, M.J.
  • Dunn, J. Lawrence
  • Early, Greg
  • Edds, Peggy L.
  • Eisenbud, Robert
  • Eley, Thomas J.
  • Ellis, Richard
  • Elsner, Robert
  • Erickson, Albert W.
  • Evans, Charles D.
  • Evans, William E.
  • Everitt, Robert D.
  • Fabrikant, Irene B.
  • Fairfield, Frederic M.
  • Fay, Francis H.
  • Fedak, Michael A.
  • Ferm, Lisa M.
  • Ferrari, Mark J.
  • Ferraro, Richard F.
  • Ferreira Da Silva, Vera Maria
  • Findley, Lloyd T.
  • Fiscus, Clifford H.
  • Fisher, H. Dean
  • Fisher, Kimberley Goodrich
  • Fisher, Sheldon R.
  • Fitzgerald, James W.
  • Flanigan, N. J.
  • Fleischer, Luis A.
  • Folkens, Pieter Arend
  • Folleman, Frederic L.
  • Ford, John K.B.
  • Ford, Thomas J., Jr.
  • Fordyce, Robert E.
  • Forestell, Paul
  • Foster-Turley, Pat
  • Foster, Larry & Valerie
  • Foster, Sherrard C.
  • Fowler, Charles W.
  • Fraker, Mark A.
  • Francis, John
  • Free, Charles Allison
  • Friedl, William A.
  • Friedrichsen, Gary L.
  • Frost, Kathryn J.
  • Galeazzi, Alejandro Rodolfo
  • Gallivan, G. J.
  • Gamboa, David Aurioles
  • Gard, Richard
  • Gaskin, David Edward
  • Geiger, Anne
  • Gentry, Roger
  • Geraci, Joseph R.
  • Gerrodette, Timothy
  • Gewalt, Wolfgang
  • Gilbert, James R.
  • Gillie, R. Bruce
  • Gilmartin, William R.
  • Gilmore, Mark Kevin
  • Gisiner, Robert
  • Glockner-Ferrari, Deborah A.
  • Goebel, Mike
  • Gomercic, H.
  • Goodall, R. Natalie P.
  • Goodman, Daniel
  • Goodyear, Jeffrey D.
  • Gosho, Merrill E.
  • Gray, Neal L.
  • Graybill, Michael
  • Green, Robert G.
  • Greendale, Ronald
  • Greene, Susan
  • Greenwood, Andrew George
  • Griffiths, David James
  • Grim, Francis, Jr.
  • Grimes, Mark
  • Griner, Lynn A.
  • Guerrero, Diana L.
  • Guinee, Linda
  • Hacker, Elizabeth
  • Hain, James H.W.
  • Haldiman, Jerrold
  • Hall, John D.
  • Handley, Charles
  • Hansen, Donald J.
  • Hansen, Larry J.
  • Harrison, Richard J.
  • Harry, George V.
  • Hart, Carol J.
  • Harvey, James
  • Haun, Jeffrey E.
  • Hawes, Sandra D.
  • Hay, Keith
  • Hazard, Katherine
  • Heath, Carolyn
  • Heffernan, Barbara
  • Heimlich-Boran, James R.
  • Heimlich-Boran, Sara L.
  • Heinonen, Kurt C.
  • Heinsohn, George E.
  • Helle, Eero S.
  • Helm, Roger
  • Henderson, John R.
  • Herder, Michael J.
  • Herman, Louis M.
  • Hershkovitz, Philip
  • Herzing, Denise Lore
  • Heyning, John E.
  • Hickie, John
  • Hindley, M. Patricia
  • Hinga, Kenneth R.
  • Hoban, Esme
  • Hoek, Wybrand
  • Hofman, Robert J.
  • Hohn, Aleta A.
  • Holt, Sidney Joseph
  • Holts, David B.
  • Hoover, Agnes Anne
  • Horikawa, Hideo
  • Horton, H. Curtis
  • Hoste, Robert Douglas
  • Houck, Warren J.
  • Hoyt, Erich
  • Huber, Harriet R.
  • Hudnall, James
  • Humphreys, Richard H.
  • Hussenot, Eric
  • Hyman, Jay
  • Irons, David Bruce
  • Irvine, Blair
  • Jackson, Alan R.
  • Jackson, Terry
  • Jacobs, Myron S.
  • Jacobsen, Jeff
  • Jaeckel, Lawrence Jay
  • James, Percival H.R.
  • Jameson, Ronald J.
  • Jarrell, Gordon
  • Jeffries, Steven
  • Jehl, Joseph R., Jr.
  • Jenkins, Robert Lee
  • Johnson, Brian W.
  • Johnson, Kirk
  • Johnson, Murray L.
  • Johnson, Pattie A.
  • Johnston, Debby
  • Jones, Mary Lou
  • Jones, S.
  • Jones, Sherman Calaway, III
  • Kajimura, Hiroshi
  • Kamiya, Toshiro
  • Kang, Ingrid
  • Karnella, Charles
  • Kasuya, Toshio
  • Kato, Hidehiro
  • Katona, Steven K.
  • Kaufman, Gregory Dean
  • Kaufmann, Milton M.
  • Kawamura, Akito
  • Kaza, Stephanie
  • Kelly, Brendan Patrick
  • Kelly, John Ellison
  • Kemf, Elizabeth
  • Kendrew, Claudia D.
  • Kent, Donald Bruce
  • Kenyon, Karl W.
  • Kerley, Graham I.H.
  • Kesteven, Geoffrey Leighton
  • Keyes, Mark Chenault
  • King, George R.
  • King, Judith Eveleigh
  • Kingsley, Michael C.S.
  • Kinnaird, Margaret
  • Kirby, Vicky Lee
  • Kirkevold, Barbara C.
  • Klevezal, G.A.
  • Kooyman, Gerald L.
  • Kozicki, V. Michael
  • Krajniak, Edward F., Jr.
  • Kraus, Scott D.
  • Kubota, Kinziro
  • Kugler, Richard C.
  • Kuljis, Barbara A.
  • Kuzmin, A. A.
  • Lambertsen, Richard Hill
  • Lancaster, Winston C.
  • Larsen, Finn
  • Lavigne, David M.
  • Laws, Richard M.
  • Lawton, William
  • Le Beouf, Burney J.
  • Leatherwood, Stephen
  • Lehman, Jacob W.
  • Lentfer, Jack W.
  • Lesser, Michael P.
  • Levenson, Coleman
  • Lewis, Jackson E.
  • Lichter, Alfredo
  • Lichtschein, Victoria
  • Lidicker, William Z., Jr.
  • Lien, Jon
  • Lilly, John C.
  • Ling, John Kynaston
  • Lingle, George
  • Little, Gerald Joseph
  • Ljungblad, Don K.
  • Lloze, Rene
  • Lobo, Anelio Aguayo
  • Lockyer, Christina
  • Loughlin, Thomas
  • Lowry, Lloyd F.
  • Macnow, Alan
  • Mager, Andreas , Jr.
  • Magnusson, William Ernest
  • Magor, Diana Marion
  • Majluf, M. Patricia
  • Major, Peter F.
  • Maltais, Bernard
  • Mandojana, Ricardo M.
  • Manning, T.H.
  • Mansfield, Arthur W.
  • Marchessaux, Didier
  • Markowitz, Hal
  • Marmontel Rosas, Miriam
  • Marquette, William M.
  • Marsh, Helene
  • Martin, Anthony R.
  • Martin, Kenneth Robert
  • Martineau, Daniel
  • Mate, Bruce R.
  • Matthews, L. Harrison
  • Mattison, James A., Jr.
  • Mattlin, Robert Henry
  • Mayo, Charles A.
  • Mcbrearty, Dennis A.
  • Mcfarland, William N.
  • Mcintyre, Diana Ryan
  • Mcintyre, Thomas J.
  • Mclaren, Ian Alexander
  • Mclean, Craig Norman
  • Mcleod, Samuel A.
  • Mcsheehy, Donald I.
  • Mead, James Glen
  • Medway, William
  • Mermoz, Jorge F.
  • Merrick, Richard L.
  • Merritt, David B.
  • Miller, Edward H.
  • Miller, R. V.
  • Miller, Ruth B.
  • Mitchell, Edward
  • Miyazaki, Nobuyuki
  • Mizroch, Sally A.
  • Montague, Jerome
  • Moore, Jim
  • Moore, Karen E.
  • Moore, Patrick W. B.
  • Moore, Sue Ellen
  • Morton, Alexandra
  • Moshenko, Robert W.
  • Mufford, Barry Keith
  • Mullen, James G.
  • Murie, Debra Jean
  • Murison, Laurie Diane
  • Myrick, Albert Charles, Jr.
  • Nachtigall, Paul E.
  • Neugebauer, Edward Guy
  • Newman, Murray A.
  • Nichols, George , Jr.
  • Nishiwaki, Masaharu
  • Nitta, Eugene T.
  • Nofziger-Spurgeon, Ann
  • Nollman, Jim
  • Nores, Carlos
  • Norris, Kenneth
  • Notarbartolo Di Sciara, Giuseppe
  • Nusunginya, Percy
  • O’Connor, Verna
  • O’shea, Thomas J.
  • Odell, Daniel
  • Oftedal, Olav T.
  • Ohsumi, Seiji
  • Oldfield, Margery Lee
  • Olesiuk, Peter F.
  • Oliver, Charles William
  • Oliver, Guy W.
  • Oliver, Jacqueline Jennings
  • Omura, Hideo
  • Ono, Kathrine Anita
  • Orr, Robert T.
  • Ortiz, C. Leo
  • Osborne, Richard W.
  • Overstrom, Neal A.
  • Owings, Margaret W.
  • Packard, Jane M.
  • Palacio, Francisco J.
  • Palazzo, Jose Truda, Jr.
  • Parry, Katherine
  • Pascal, Michel
  • Pastene Perez, Luis Alberto
  • Pastene, Luis
  • Patla, Laurie J.
  • Paton, David
  • Patten, Donald R.
  • Patterson, Paul H.
  • Payne, Katherine B.
  • Payne, Roger
  • Penner, Ralph H.
  • Pentis, Al
  • Perdomo, Angel
  • Perez, Concepcion
  • Perez, Michael A.
  • Perkins, Judith S.
  • Pernia, Sherman D.
  • Perrin, William F.
  • Perryman, Wayne L.
  • Pilson, Michael E.Q.
  • Pirlot, Paul
  • Pitkin, Jamie
  • Pittman, Sharon
  • Plowden, Campbell
  • Poole, M. Michael
  • Porter, Homer O.
  • Potter, Charles W.
  • Powell, Bill A.
  • Powell, James A.
  • Powers, Donald R.
  • Praderi, Ricardo
  • Prescott, John H.
  • Prescott, Robert
  • Price, Carol A.
  • Price, William Stephen
  • Provancha, Jane A.
  • Pryor, Karen W.
  • Puckett, Randy
  • Raga Esteve, Juan Antonio
  • Rajaguru, A.
  • Ralls, Katherine
  • Rathbun, Galen B.
  • Ratnaswamy, Mary Joanne
  • Ray, Clayton E.
  • Ray, G. Carleton
  • Read, Andrew Justin
  • Reeves, Randall Robert
  • Reichley, Nancy E.
  • Reijnders, Peter J. H.
  • Reilly, Stephen B.
  • Reiss, Diana
  • Rennie, Charles J., III
  • Renouf, Deane
  • Reynolds, John E., III
  • Rice, Dale W.
  • Richard, Pierre
  • Ridgway, Sam H.
  • Riedman, Marianne L.
  • Rioux, Jean
  • Ripoll, Angeles Raduan
  • Robbins, Wayne A.
  • Robineau, Daniel
  • Roest, Aryan I.
  • Ronald, Keith
  • Rosenblum, Edwin E.
  • Rosenfeld, Mary
  • Ross, Graham James Berry
  • Ross, James Perran
  • Rossiter, William
  • Roth, Flemming
  • Rothausen, Karlheinz
  • Rough, Valerie
  • Rowntree, Victoria J.
  • Rugh, David J.
  • Sadove, Samuel S.
  • Sakagawa, Gary
  • Samaras, William F.
  • Scaliebe, Scott L.
  • Scarff, James E.
  • Scheele, Lesley
  • Scheffer, Victor B.
  • Schevill, William E.
  • Schmidly, David J.
  • Schneyer, Alan
  • Scholl, John Phillip
  • Schonewald, Jacqueline
  • Schroeder, J. Pete
  • Schusterman, Ronald J.
  • Schwab, E. Gregory Lee
  • Scordino, Joe
  • Scott, Michael
  • Seagars, Dana J.
  • Sears, Richard
  • Sergeant, David E.
  • Shallenberger, Edward W.
  • Shane, Susan H.
  • Shaughnessy, Peter Douglas
  • Shelnut, Jeff
  • Shippee, Steven F.
  • Shouse, Lee Elledge
  • Sigurjonsson, Johann
  • Silber, Gregory
  • Silva, Jack Da
  • Simons, Laurie Stuart
  • Sinclair, M.S.
  • Siniff, Donald B.
  • Sissenwine, Michael P.
  • Skoch, Edwin J.
  • Smith, Gary J. D.
  • Smith, Thomas G.
  • Smith, Tim D.
  • Smolka, John Reginald
  • Sokolov, A.S.
  • Solangi, Mobashir A.
  • Sonafrank, Nancy Belon
  • Sorensen, Fred
  • Spencer, Merrill P.
  • Spotte, Stephen
  • Starratt, Patricia E.
  • Steiger, Gretchen H.
  • Stern, S. Jonathan
  • Sterns-Jones, Diane Lee, III
  • Stevens, Christine
  • Stewart, Brent S.
  • Stewart, Robert E. A.
  • Stirling, Ian
  • Stoel, Peter
  • Storro-Patterson, Ronn
  • Stoskopf, Michael Kerry
  • Strong, John Thomas
  • Stuntz, Warren E.
  • Sugarman, Peter
  • Sullivan, Timothy
  • Sumich, James L.
  • Swartz, Steven L.
  • Sylvestre, Jean-Pierre
  • Szczepaniak, Isadore D.
  • Takemura, Akira
  • Taylor, Barbara L.
  • Taylor, Leighton
  • Taylor, Mitchell
  • Taylor, Sherryl M.
  • Tedman, Ray A.
  • Temte, Jonathan Lane
  • Terhune, J. M.
  • Thomas, Jeanette A.
  • Thomas, Peter Owen
  • Tillman, Michael F.
  • Tinney, Richard T., Jr.
  • Tobayama, Teruo
  • Torgerson, R. William
  • Townsend, Forrest I.
  • Treacy, Stephen O.
  • Trillmich, Fritz
  • Tumosa, Thomas J.
  • Turl, Charles W.
  • Turley, Patrick
  • Uchida, Senzo
  • Van Foreest, A.W.
  • Vanblaricom, Glenn R.
  • Varoujean, Daniel H.
  • Vedros, Neylan A.
  • Vertefay, Larry
  • Vetter, Elizabeth F.
  • Villa-Ramirez, Bernardo
  • Wada, Kazuo
  • Wada, Shiro
  • Waerebeek, Koen Van
  • Wahlen, Bruce Edward
  • Walker, Gregory Ernest
  • Walker, Robert V.
  • Walker, Sandy
  • Walker, William Allan
  • Ward, Natalie F.R.
  • Waring, George H.
  • Waring, Gordon T.
  • Warneke, Robert Maxwell
  • Wartzok, Douglas
  • Watkins, William
  • Watson, Alastair G.
  • Weaver, Patt
  • Webber, Marc
  • Weeden, Robert B.
  • Weinrich, Mason T.
  • Wells, Randall S.
  • Wenzel, Frederick W.
  • West, John
  • Wheeler, Gary P.
  • Whitehead, Hal
  • Whitmore, Frank C., Jr.
  • Williams, Terrie M.
  • Williamson, J. Michael
  • Wilson, Graham J.
  • Winn, Howard E.
  • Winning, Birgit
  • Withrow, David Earl
  • Wolman, Allen A.
  • Wolz, James P.
  • Wood, Forrest G., III
  • Wood, R. Kevin
  • Woodhouse, Charles Douglas
  • Woodyard, Howard Dale
  • Worthy, Graham A. J.
  • Wray, Phoebe
  • Würsig, Bernd
  • Wynne, Kate M.
  • Yablokov, A.V.
  • Yamakoshi, Megumi
  • Yochem, Pamela K.
  • Young, John A.
  • Young, Nina Marie
  • Zagaeski, Mark
  • Zapol, Warren M.
  • Zenker, Wolfgang G. E.
  • Zoeger, J.

The individuals listed below are acknowledged as Charter Associate Members at the time of the Society’s founding.

  • Azzam, Nancy C.
  • Ballance, Lisa Taylor
  • Beavers, Sallie
  • Bennett, Lyle
  • Brandt, Janis
  • Briggs, Laurie J.
  • Buonaugurio, Andrea
  • Burdick, Jay D.
  • Caron, Robert J.
  • Chamberlain, Leo J.
  • Chambers, William M.
  • Clarke, Janet
  • Cobb, Winslow S.
  • Cole, Daniel
  • Conel, Cheryl S.
  • Croll, Donald A.
  • Desmond, Timothy J.
  • Devers, Deborah E.
  • Dodt, Evelyn K.
  • Dougherty, Susan
  • Doyle, Patricia
  • Duffield, Dennis Wilson
  • Earhart, Anne Getty
  • Ellis, Robert H., Jr.
  • Fallrot, Ellen R.
  • Feldkamp, Steven D.
  • Fellers, Gary M.
  • Finkelstein, Stuart
  • Fleuer, Karen
  • Flynn, Tish
  • Frank, Stuart M.
  • Fredin, Reynold A.
  • Gailey-Phipps, Janet J.
  • Garner, Holly A.
  • Garrigan, Charlotte A.
  • Gilbertson, Cay
  • Goodwin, Thomas
  • Green, Robert J.
  • Gress, Franklin
  • Guerrero, Diana Laurel
  • Hamstreet, Clyde
  • Harley, Heidi Elaine
  • Harzen, Stefan
  • Haycock, Carl R.
  • Hecker, Nedra Foster
  • Henk, William G.
  • Hermes, Jeanette
  • Hersh, Sandra L.
  • Hodda, Paul Michael
  • Jones, Gwilym S.
  • Joyce, Gerald G.
  • Keller, Ronald W.
  • Kelly, Dennis
  • Kendall, Lily
  • Kenney, Robert D.
  • King, Steven G.
  • Kinneary, Joseph J.
  • Landauer, Lyn
  • Larsen, Dorothy S.
  • Lawson, Shirley
  • Ledder, Diane A.
  • Lomax, Ronald John
  • Manzanilla, Silvja
  • Mason, Mark B.
  • Mathews, Elizabeth A.
  • Mattingly, David
  • McChrystal-Landy, Margaret
  • Mccullough, Gale R.
  • Mccully, George E.
  • Mcdevitt, Charles Austin
  • McManus, Milo W.
  • Mendez, Jose David
  • Mercer, Scott
  • Munoz, Jose E., Jr.
  • Newcomer, Michael W.
  • Northrup, Ann
  • Nyren, Philip E.
  • Ostman, Jan
  • Page, Katherine Elizabeth
  • Patterson, Sue Anne
  • Prentice, Geraldine
  • Reames, David
  • Reddy, Michelle Lynn
  • Reetz, Gordon A.
  • Roberts, Donna G.
  • Robinson, John H.
  • Roletto, Jan
  • Rook, Maribeth Fitzgerald
  • Rumage, William Timothy
  • Savitz, Barry C.
  • Schnell, Gary D.
  • Sease, John L.
  • Seavey, Tyler W.
  • Seeger, Leinaala R.
  • Shawver, Mark R.
  • Siegel, Jeff W.
  • Sineti, Donald
  • Smalley, Joanne B.
  • Smith-Powell, Leslie A.
  • Southworth, Tom
  • Stengle, James B.
  • Sweet, Constance Marie
  • Terry, R. Paul
  • Tomich, P. Quentin
  • Tooker, Mildred Ann
  • Verpy, Debra Ann
  • White, Sue Difloure
  • Witt, Ron

Charter Institution Members

    • • Alaska Eskimo Whaling Commission – USA
    • • American Cetacean Society – USA
    • • Animal Protection Institute Of America – USA
    • • Aquario Vasco Da Gama – Portugal
    • • California Academy Of Sciences – USA
    • • Chicago Zoological Society – USA
    • • The Cousteau Society – USA
    • • Dept. Of Commerce, Noaa, Habitat Protection Branch – USA
    • • Friends Of Animals – USA
    • • Friends Of The Sea Otter – USA
    • • Greenland Fisheries Investigations – Denmark
    • • Greenpeace – USA
    • • Greenpeace International – United Kingdom
    • • Hawkes Bay Marineland & Aquarium Board – New Zealand
    • • Hubbs-Sea World Research Institute – USA
    • • Humane Society Of The United States – USA
    • • Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission – USA
    • • International Dolphin Watch – USA
    • • International Fund For Animal Welfare – USA
    • • International Marine Animal Trainers Association – USA
    • • Kamogawa Sea World – Japan
    • • Kendall Whaling Museum – USA
    • • Kolmardens Djurpark – Sweden
    • • Manomet Bird Observatory – USA
    • • Marine World/Africa USA
    • • Marineland Of The Pacific – USA
    • • Merwin Memorial Free Clinic For Animals, Inc. – USA
    • • Musee Oceanographique – Monaco
    • • New England Aquarium – USA
    • • New York Aquarium – USA
    • • North Pacific Fisheries Management Council – USA
    • • North Slope Borough Environmental Protection – USA
    • • Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization – Canada
    • • Oregon Department Of Fish & Wildlife – USA
    • • Oreja Marineland – New Zealand
    • • Port Elizabeth Museum – South Africa
    • • Sea Mammal Research Unit, B.A.S. – United Kingdom
    • • Sealand Of Cape Cod, Inc. – USA
    • • Seaworld – Australia
    • • South African Association For Marine Biological Research – South Africa
    • • University Of Aarhus – Denmark
    • • Vancouver Public Aquarium – Canada
    • • Washington Department Of Game – USA
    • • The Whale Center – USA
    • • Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution – USA
The organizations listed below are acknowledged as Charter Institutional Members at the time of the Society’s founding.
    • • Alaska Eskimo Whaling Commission – USA
    • • American Cetacean Society – USA
    • • Animal Protection Institute Of America – USA
    • • Aquario Vasco Da Gama – Portugal
    • • California Academy Of Sciences – USA
    • • Chicago Zoological Society – USA
    • • The Cousteau Society – USA
    • • Dept. Of Commerce, Noaa, Habitat Protection Branch – USA
    • • Friends Of Animals – USA
    • • Friends Of The Sea Otter – USA
    • • Greenland Fisheries Investigations – Denmark
    • • Greenpeace – USA
    • • Greenpeace International – United Kingdom
    • • Hawkes Bay Marineland & Aquarium Board – New Zealand
    • • Hubbs-Sea World Research Institute – USA
    • • Humane Society Of The United States – USA
    • • Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission – USA
    • • International Dolphin Watch – USA
    • • International Fund For Animal Welfare – USA
    • • International Marine Animal Trainers Association – USA
    • • Kamogawa Sea World – Japan
    • • Kendall Whaling Museum – USA
    • • Kolmardens Djurpark – Sweden
    • • Manomet Bird Observatory – USA
    • • Marine World/Africa USA
    • • Marineland Of The Pacific – USA
    • • Merwin Memorial Free Clinic For Animals, Inc. – USA
    • • Musee Oceanographique – Monaco
    • • New England Aquarium – USA
    • • New York Aquarium – USA
    • • North Pacific Fisheries Management Council – USA
    • • North Slope Borough Environmental Protection – USA
    • • Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization – Canada
    • • Oregon Department Of Fish & Wildlife – USA
    • • Oreja Marineland – New Zealand
    • • Port Elizabeth Museum – South Africa
    • • Sea Mammal Research Unit, B.A.S. – United Kingdom
    • • Sealand Of Cape Cod, Inc. – USA
    • • Seaworld – Australia
    • • South African Association For Marine Biological Research – South Africa
    • • University Of Aarhus – Denmark
    • • Vancouver Public Aquarium – Canada
    • • Washington Department Of Game – USA
    • • The Whale Center – USA
    • • Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution – USA

Since its inception, the Society’s Biennial Conferences have grown substantially, with attendance increasing from approximately 300 participants in 1975 to more than 2,000 at some recent meetings. A full list of Biennial Conferences is available on the conference page.

Establishing Marine Mammal Science

A major milestone following the Society’s formation was the creation of a dedicated scientific journal. Several titles were considered, including Journal of Marine Mammalogy and Marine Mammals, before Marine Mammal Science was selected.

The first issue was published in 1985. Joe Geraci served as the founding Editor, followed by Doug Wartzok, Bill Perrin, Don Bowen, Jim Estes, and Daryl Boness.

Publications and Legacy

The Society expanded its contributions to the field through a series of influential publications. The first book-length special publication, Marine Mammal Energetics (edited by Huntley et al.), appeared in 1987. Subsequent notable works included:

  • The Bowhead Whale (1993, Burns et al., eds.)
  • Molecular Genetics of Marine Mammals (Dizon et al., eds.)
  • Marine Mammals of the World (Rice, 1998)

Continuing the Mission: Building on Our Legacy

The Society continues to advance marine mammal science through its support of students and early-career researchers via funding opportunities that reflect its founding commitment to education, collaboration, and the cultivation of future leaders in the field. Alongside these ongoing efforts to build capacity within the discipline, the Society’s direction and growth have been guided by a distinguished succession of Presidents. Each has contributed unique vision, leadership, and service, helping to shape the organization’s priorities, expand its global reach, and strengthen its impact on marine mammal research and conservation. The following list recognizes those individuals who have served in this role and highlights their collective contributions to the advancement and stewardship of marine mammal science over time.

The leadership of the Society has been shaped by a distinguished group of Presidents whose vision and dedication have guided its growth and impact. The following list recognizes those individuals who have served in this role and contributed to advancing marine mammal science.

Simon-Goldsworthy,-2023-2025,-Australia

Simon Goldsworthy
2023-2025, Australia

Charles-Littnan,-2020-2023,-USA

Charles Littnan
2020-2023, USA

D.-Ann-Pabst,-2018-2020,-USA

D. Ann Pabst
2018-2020, USA

Jay-Barlow,-2016-2018,-USA

Jay Barlow
2016-2018, USA

Nick-Gales,-2014-2016,-Australia

Nick Gales
2014-2016, Australia

Helene-Marsh-2012-2014,-Australia

Helene Marsh
2012-2014, Australia

Randall-S.-Wells-2010-2012,-USA

Randall S. Wells
2010-2012, USA

Andrew-J.-Read-2008-2010,-USA

Andrew J. Read
2008-2010, USA

John-E.-Reynolds-III-(deceased)-2006-2008,-USA

John E. Reynolds III
2006-2008, USA
(In Memoriam)

Kit-M.-Kovacs-2004-2006,-Norway

Kit M. Kovacs
2004-2006, Norway

Paul-Nachtigall-2002-2004,-USA

Paul Nachtigall
2002-2004, USA

Daniel-K.-Odell-2000-2002,-USA

Daniel K. Odell
2000-2002, USA

Douglas-P.-DeMaster-1998-2000,-USA

Douglas P. DeMaster
1998-2000, USA

Ian-Stirling-(deceased)-1996-1998,-Canada

Ian Stirling
1996-1998, Canada
(In Memoriam)

Jeanette-A.-Thomas-(deceased)-1994-1996,-USA

Jeanette A. Thomas
1994-1996, USA
(In Memoriam)

Bernd-Würsig-1992-1994,-USA

Bernd Würsig
1992-1994, USA

Christina-Lockyer-1990-1992,-United-Kingdom

Christina Lockyer
1990-1992, United Kingdom

Robert-L.-Brownell,-Jr.-1988-1990,-USA

Robert L. Brownell, Jr.
1988-1990, USA

William-F.-Perrin-1986-1988-(deceased),-USA

William F. Perrin
1986-1988, USA
(In Memoriam)

James-G.-Mead-1984-1986,-USA

James G. Mead
1984-1986, USA

Kenneth-S.-Norris-(deceased)-1981-1984,-USA

Kenneth S. Norris
1981-1984, USA
(In Memoriam)

List of Past Board of Governors (Click here to View Full List)

Acknowledgments

Most of the information on the formation of the Society was provided by George Harry. Archival assistance was provided by Dan Odell and Doug Wartzok.